Research on determining the correlation between the strength of the concrete core and the concrete used as tubular formwork in compressed structural elements

Dac-Duc  Nguyen; Ba-Thanh  Vu; Nhat-Minh  Hoang

doi:10.6180/jase.202602_29(2).0003

Research on determining the correlation between the strength of the concrete core and the concrete used as tubular formwork in compressed structural elements

Dac-Duc Nguyen¹, Ba-Thanh Vu¹This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., and Nhat-Minh Hoang²

¹Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Vietnam

²Viettel Aerospace Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Received: September 29, 2024
Accepted: April 4, 2025
Publication Date: May 17, 2025

Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.

Download Citation: ||https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.202602_29(2).0003

Reinforced concrete structures are typically built in three steps: installing steel reinforcement, assembling formwork, and casting concrete. These steps are carried out sequentially, thus taking time and delaying the project’s operation, leading to reduced economic efficiency. Researching solutions to shorten construction time will contribute to bringing about clear economic efficiency. The study conducted experiments and numerical simulations of cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 250 mm , manufactured using 45 MPa concrete, casting tubulars with thicknesses of 15 mm,20 mm, and 25 mm , respectively, as formwork, leaving the concrete filled with self-compacting concrete with a strength of 30 MPa . The specimens were tested and simulated in two cases: compression of the total cross-section and compression of the concrete-filled section. The research results show that, in addition to determining the optimal tubular thickness of 15 mm , determining the correlation between the concrete-filled and tubular concrete strength of 1.5 times allows us to use the same concrete production technology to save costs and simplify production.

Keywords: Concrete formwork, axial compression, concrete shell thickness, concrete tubular, finite element method.

[1] Samuel De Champlain Bridge. Photos-and-videos. https://www.samueldechamplainbridge.ca/.2019.
[2] N. D. Duc and H. N. Minh. “Investigation on the effect of cross beams in single span bridges under dynamic aspect by using finite element method”. In: 4th International Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering ICSCE 2022, Hanoi. 2022.
[3] N. D. Duc, N. N. Long, T. D. Nhiem, and L. B. A. Do Anh Tu, (2019) “Behavior of segmental box-girder bridge under eccentric loading" Transport and Communications Science Journal 70(5): 440–450. DOI: 10.25073/tcsj.70.5.8.
[4] D. Dac, N. Ngoc, and N. Duc, (2019) “Simulation the effect of torsion on the shear key in segmental box-girder bridges" Transport and Communications Science Journal 70(5): 386–396. DOI: 10.25073/tcsj.70.5.3.
[5] S. Jayaganesh, J. Raja Murugadoss, G. Ganesh Prabhu, and J. Jegan, (2015) “Effects of concentrical partial (local) compression on the structural behavior of concrete filled steel tubular column" Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2(1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1155/2015/491038.
[6] T. E. D. INC. Technical design of Dong Tru bridge, on Highway 5, Hanoi capital, Vietnam. Technical design of Dong Tru bridge. Hanoi, Vietnam, 2004.
[7] Y. Wei, C. Jiang, and Y.-F. Wu, (2019) “Confinement effectiveness of circular concrete-filled steel tubular columns under axial compression" Journal of Constructional Steel Research 158: 15–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2019. 03.012.
[8] A. H. Chahrour and K. A. Soudki, (2006) “RBS polymer encased concrete wall. Part II: Experimental study and theoretical provisions for combined axial compression and flexure" Construction and Building Materials 20(10): 1016–1027. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.013.
[9] M.FakharifarandG.Chen,(2016)“Compressive behavior of FRP-confined concrete-filled PVC tubular columns" Composite Structures 141: 91–109. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.01.004.
[10] K. Kildashti, B. Samali, A. Malik, and M. M. Alamdari, (2021) “Computational simulation of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete walls formed with modular thin walled permanent formwork system" Journal of Building Engineering 36: 102131. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.102131.
[11] K. G. Kuder, R. Gupta, C. Harris-Jones, R. Hawksworth, S. Henderson, and J. Whitney, (2009) “Effect of PVC stay-in-place formwork on mechanical performance of concrete" Journal of materials in civil engineering 21(7): 309–315. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:7(309).
[12] K. Kildashti, B. Samali, and A. Malik, (2020) “Experimental and numerical studies on the comparison between stay-in-place-and conventionally-formed reinforced concrete columns under concentric loading" Construction and Building Materials 258: 119631. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119631.
[13] J. Ying, Y. Huang, L. Qin, X. Gao, and Z. Wang, (2021) “Axial compressive behavior of GFRP tube confined seawater coral aggregate concrete reinforced with epoxy-coated bars" Composite Structures 266: 113807. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113807.
[14] B. Zhang, T. Yu, and J. Teng, (2015) “Behavior of concrete-filled FRP tubes under cyclic axial compression" Journal of Composites for Construction 19(3): 04014060. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000523.
[15] T. Ozbakkaloglu and M. Saatcioglu, (2007) “Seismic performance of square high-strength concrete columns in FRP stay-in-place formwork" Journal of Structural Engineering 133(1): 44–56. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE) 0733-9445(2007)133:1(44).
[16] Y.-J. Hu, C. Jiang, W. Liu, Q.-Q. Yu, and Y.-L. Zhou, (2018) “Degradation of the in-plane shear modulus of structural BFRP laminates due to high temperature" Sensors 18(10): 3361. DOI: 10.3390/s18103361.
[17] G. B. Kim. “Development of thin FRP GFRC permanent formwork systems". (phd thesis). University of Sheffield, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, 2006.
[18] C. K. Leung and Q. Cao, (2010) “Development of pseudo-ductile permanent formwork for durable concrete structures" Materials and Structures 43: 993–1007. DOI: 10.1617/s11527-009-9561-4.
[19] C. Yu. “The study of reinforced pseudo-ductile cementitious composite permanent formwork". (phd thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HK, 2014. DOI: 10.14711/thesis-b1334180.
[20] A. A. Standard, (2004) “Guide to Formwork for Concrete":
[21] W. Meng and K. H. Khayat. “Development of stay in-place formwork using GFRP reinforced UHPC elements”. In: International Interactive Symposium on Ultra-High Performance Concrete. 1. 1. 2016. DOI: 10.21838/uhpc.2016.28.
[22] Y. Yang, B. Chen, Y. Chen, H. Zhou, F. Liu, X. Xie, J. Chen, W. Guo, and H. Wang, (2023) “Performances of concrete columns with modular UHPC permanent formworks under axial load" International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 17(1): 38. DOI: 10.1186/s40069-023-00608-1.
[23] J.-J. Zeng, S.-P. Chen, K.-D. Peng, and J.-G. Dai, (2022) “Novel FRP micro-bar reinforced UHPC permanent form work for circular columns: Concept and compressive behavior" Composite Structures 285: 115268. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115268.
[24] A. C39-04a, (2023) “Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens" Ameri can Society for Testing and Materials, USA:
[25] T. 12631:2020. Self-compacting concrete– Mix design. Vietnamese Standard. Hanoi, Vietnam, 2020.
[26] T. 12209:2018. Self-compacting concrete- Specification and test method. Vietnamese Standard. Hanoi, Vietnam, 2018.
[27] A. K. Kwan and I. Y. Ng, (2008) “Performance Crite ria for Self consolidating Concrete" HKIE Transactions 15(2): 35–41. DOI: 10.1080/1023697X.2008.10668116.
[28] T. 3118:2022. Hardened concrete- Test method for com pressive strength. Vietnamese Standard. Hanoi, Vietnam, 2022.
[29] ANSYS Mechanical Tutorial. ANSYS Inc. Canonsburg, 2019.
[30] L. Liu, Z. He, X. Wang P.and Cai, D. Han, and T. Luo, (2023) “Axial compression behaviour of novel concrete filled circular CFRP-UHPC composite tubular" Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica 40(4): DOI: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220623.003.
[31] H. Tian, Z. Zhou, Y. Wei, and L. Zhang, (2021) “Experimental and numerical investigation on the seismic performance of concrete-filled UHPC tubular columns" Journal of Building Engineering 43: 103118. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103118.
[32] M. Mohamad, I. Ibrahim, R. Abdullah, A. A. Rahman, A. Kueh, and J. Usman, (2015) “Friction and cohesion coefficients of composite concrete-to-concrete bond" Cement and Concrete Composites 56: 1–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.10.003.
[33] T. 1. 2020. Concrete- Method for determining concrete strength on samples. Vietnamese Standard. Hanoi, Vietnam, 2020.
[34] Y. Yang, B. Chen, Y. Chen, H. Zhou, F. Liu, X. Xie, J. Chen, W. Guo, and H. Wang, (2023) “Performances of concrete columns with modular UHPC permanent formworks under axial load" International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 17(1): 38. DOI: 10.1186/s40069-023-00608-1.

Latest Articles