MogdamGassyHussein1, Ali Saleh Jafer2, Amer T. Nawaf3This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Raid T. Al-khateeb2, and Ali A. Hassan2,4
1Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences- Samarra University- Iraq
2Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Al Muthanna, Muthanna, Iraq
3Petroleum and Gas Refinery Engineering Department, College of Petroleum Process Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
4College of Engineering, Al Ayen University, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
Received: December 10, 2024 Accepted: April 29, 2025 Publication Date: July 11, 2025
Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.
The work objective is to improve the treatment of oil refinery-polluted wastewater by enhancing the Electro Fenton Oxidation (EFO) technology using a novel design pilot plant Digital Baffle Electro Batch Reactor (DBEBR) through organic pollution removal to produce high-quality treated from water production. A new design enhances the mass transfer of oxidants between the molecules of wastewater. Therefore, there is a reduction of contact time between the reactants. The Electro-Fenton Oxidation reaction is then utilized to determine the performance of the Fenton reagent for the removal of organic compounds at different electrolysis times (10-30) min, Fenton reagent of H2O2 (10-40) ppm and Ferrous Sulphate concentration (5-10) ppm and pH (3-9) in a new design DBEBR. The impacts of the operating conditions were depended by using reply factorial design and Minitab-17. The speed of the impeller and current of the chemical reaction had maintained occupied as the speed of digital 200 rpm and one Amps respectively. The rapid efficient EFO for the removal of pollution is found more than 95.9% elimination competence of organic pollutants from refinery wastewater at 30 min,3pH, and 40 ppm and 8 ppm of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate respectively. From the results obtained, it is noticed that EFO reactions of the wastewater treatment with Fenton’s and currents are very successful, promising, and economical for the treatment of highly toxic and complicated industrial wastewater for instance petroleum refinery effluents, especially through new pilot plants.
Keywords: NewDesign; DBEBR; Organic compounds; Wastewater of refinery; EFO reactions
[1] K. M. MousaAl-Zobai and A. A. Hassan, (2022) “Utilization of iron oxide nanoparticles (Hematite) as adsorbent for removal of organic pollutants in refinery wastewater" Materials Science Forum 1065: 91–100. DOI: 10.4028/p-i14w2f.
[2] A. ABD HASSAN and I. K. SHAKIR, (2024) “SYNTHESIS OF NANOCELLULOSE USING ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED ACID HYDROLYSIS FOR ADSORPTION/OXIDATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WASTEWATER UNDER UV AND SOLAR LIGHT" Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 19(12): 120–140. DOI: 10.46754/jssm.2024.12.008.
[3] H. Guo, Q. Qin, M. Hu, J.-S. Chang, and D.-J. Lee, (2024) “Treatment of refinery wastewater: Current status and prospects" Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering: 112508. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024. 112508.
[4] H. Cui, X. Huang, Z. Yu, P. Chen, and X. Cao, (2020) “Application progress of enhanced coagulation in water treatment" RSC advances 10(34): 20231–20244. DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02979c.
[5] A. S. Jafer and A. A. Hassan, (2019) “Removal of oil content in oilfield produced water using chemically modified kiwi peels as efficient low-cost adsorbent" Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1294(7): 072013. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1294/7/072013.
[6] M. A. Shihab, A. T. Nawaf, S. A. Mohamedali, and M. N. Alsalmaney, (2020) “Improving porosity of activated carbon nanotubes via alkali agents for the enhancement of adsorptive desulfurization process" Materials Science Forum 1002: 423–434. DOI: 10.4028/www. scientific.net/MSF.1002.423.
[7] A. A. Hassan, H. T. Naeem, and R. T. Hadi, (2019) “A comparative study of chemical material additives on polyacrylamide to treatment of wastewater in refineries" IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518(6): 062003. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/518/6/062003.
[8] A. A. Hassan and I. K. Shakir, (2024) “Fabrication of Solar-Driven new composite Heterostructure CoWO4/NCW Photo catalysts for Enhanced Adsorption/Photo Degradation Activity of organic pollutants" Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings: DOI: 10. 30509/pccc.2024.167338.1308.
[9] A. Nawaf and A. Hassan, (2025) “Design of (MnO2/GO) for removal organic compounds from wastewater using digital baffle batch reactor" International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology: 1–20. DOI: 10.1007/s13762-025-06414-4.
[10] A. T. Nawaf, A. T. Jarullah, S. A. Hameed, and I. M. Mujtaba, (2021) “Design of new activated carbon based adsorbents for improved desulfurization of heavy gas oil: experiments and kinetic modeling" Chemical Product and Process Modeling 16(3): 229–249. DOI: 10.1515/ cppm-2020-0107.
[11] M.Y. Hussein, A. N. A. Al-Naemi, and F. Y. AlJaberi, (2023) “Experimental Study of Produced Water Treatment Using Activated Carbon with Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes" Journal of Ecological Engineering 24(5): 78–87. DOI: 10.12911/22998993/161231.
[12] S. Deswal, S. Rawat, S. Kumar, and V. Sangwan, (2023) “Potential of Moringa oleifera and Okra as Coagulants in sustainable treatment of water and wastewater" Ecological Questions 34(4): 1–17. DOI: 10.12775/EQ. 2023.045.
[13] G. Predeanu, V. Sl˘avescu, M. F. Dr˘agoescu, N. M. B˘al˘anescu, A. Fiti, A. Meghea, P. Samoila, V. Harabagiu, M. Ignat, A.-M. Manea-Saghin, et al., (2023) “Green synthesis of advanced carbon materials used as precursors for adsorbents applied in wastewater treatment" Materials 16(3): 1036. DOI: 10.3390/ma16031036.
[14] W. Chairungsri, P. Pholchan, S. Sumitsawan, Y. Chimupala, and P. Kijjanapanich, (2023) “Photocat alytic degradation of textile dyeing wastewater using titanium dioxide on a fixed substrate: Optimization of process parameters and continuous reactor tests" Sustainability 15(16): 12418. DOI: 10.3390/su151612418.
[15] A. S. Atiyah, A. A. A. Al-Samawi, and A. A. Hassan, (2020) “Photovoltaic cell electro-Fenton oxidation for treatment oily wastewater" AIP Conference Proceedings 2235(1): DOI: 10.1063/5.0008937.
[16] A. A. Hassan and K. M.M.Al-Zobai, (2019) “Chemical Oxidation for Oil Separation from Oilfield Produced Water under UV Irradiation Using Titanium Dioxide as a Nano-Photocatalyst by Batch and Continuous Techniques" International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019(1): 9810728. DOI: 10.1155/2019/9810728.
[17] A. A. Hassan and I. K. Shakir, (2024) “Kinetic Insights into Solar-Assisted Fabrication and Photocatalytic Performance of CoWO4/NCW Heterostructure" Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 19(3): 500–511. DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20198.
[18] A. S. Jafer, A. A. Hassan, and Z. T. Naeem, (2019) “A study on the potential of moringa seeds in adsorption of organic content from water collected from oilfield refinery" Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 16(1): 27–33. DOI: 10.34016/pjbt.2019.16.1.5.
[19] A. T. Nawaf, A. T. Jarullah, and L. T. Abdulateef, (2019) “Design of a synthetic zinc oxide catalyst over nano-alumina for sulfur removal by air in a batch reactor" Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 14(1): 79–92. DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2507.79-92.
[20] A. Al-Hassan and I. Shakir, (2025) “Enhanced photo catalytic activity of CuO/NCW via adsorption optimization for refinery wastewater" Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 44(1): 172–185. DOI: 10.30492/ijcce.2024.2034599.6684.
[21] G. Gopalakrishnan, R. B. Jeyakumar, and A. Somanathan, (2023) “Challenges and emerging trends in advanced oxidation technologies and integration of advanced oxidation processes with biological processes for wastewater treatment" Sustainability 15(5): 4235. DOI: 10.3390/su15054235.
[22] H. A. El-Gawad, M. Y. Ghaly, N. El Hussieny, M. Ab del Kreem, and Y. Reda, (2024) “Novel collector design and optimized photo-fenton model for sustainable industry textile wastewater treatment" Scientific Reports 14(1): 8573. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58610-w.
[23] A. Nassir, T. F. Hssouney, and A. A. Hassan, (2022) “Heavy metal removal from produced water by chemical mechanical treatment" Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology (MJET) 10(2): DOI: 10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-02/05-12.
[24] S.F. Alturki, M. S. Suwaed, A. Ghareeb, F. Y. AlJaberi, and A. A. Hassan, (2024) “Statistical analysis and optimization of mechanical-chemical electro-fenton for organic contaminant degradation in refinery wastewater" Journal of Engineering Research: DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024. 10.006.
[25] B. M. Omar, M. A. Zyadah, M. Y. Ali, and M. A. El Sonbati, (2024) “Pre-treatment of composite industrial wastewater by Fenton and electro-Fenton oxidation processes" Scientific Reports 14(1): 27906. DOI: 10.1038/ s41598-024-78846-w.
[26] S. Sultana, M. R. Choudhury, A. R. Bakr, N. Anwar, and M. S. Rahaman, (2018) “Effectiveness of electro oxidation and electro-Fenton processes in removal of organic matter from high-strength brewery wastewater" Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 48: 519–528. DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1185-3.
[27] F. Y. AlJaberi and W. T. Mohammed, (2018) “Analyz ing the removal of lead from synthesis wastewater by electrocoagulation technique using experimental design" De salination and Water Treatment 111: 286–296. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2018.22208.
[28] F. Bensaibi, M. Chabani, S. Bouafia, and H. Djelal, (2023) “Doxycycline Removal by Solar Photo-Fenton on a Pilot-Scale Composite Parabolic Collector (CPC) Reactor" Processes 11(8): 2363. DOI: 10.3390/pr11082363.
[29] A. Nawaf and B. Abdul Majeed, (2024) “Kinetics Study of Oxidative Desulfurization of Real Diesel Fuel Over Uncoated and Coated Nano-catalysts in an Oscillatory Helical Baffled Reactor" Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 58(2): 359–374. DOI: 10. 22059/jchpe.2024.377539.1522.
[30] H. D. Alamery, A. Hassan, and A. Rashid, (2023) “Copper removal in simulated wastewater by solar fen ton oxidation" AIP Conference Proceedings 2806(1): 030013. DOI: 10.1063/5.0167259.
We use cookies on this website to personalize content to improve your user experience and analyze our traffic. By using this site you agree to its use of cookies.