Mona A. M. Alghandour1, M. M. Morad2, K. I. Wasfy2,3, A. E. Azab4, and M. Zhran1This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
1Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nuclear Research Center, Soil and Water Department, Egypt
3Faculty of Organic Agriculture, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, AlSalam City 11785, Egypt
4Agricultural Engineering research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
Received: July 12, 2023 Accepted: September 18, 2023 Publication Date: November 4, 2023
Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.
The pyrolysis of biomass leftovers for the creation of bio-char was spotlighted in several investigations. However, the bio-char yield affected by pyrolysis temperatures and the carbonization, therefore, we aimed to present a new unit for bio-char production (multi-cylinder movable based one), with efficient uses, operation, maintenance, and produce bio-char with high quality. The newly developed apparatus consists of two primary components: the condenser and the carbonization unit, which together house the stove and the carbonization cylinders. Olive cake was selected as a raw material to verify the manufactured unit for producing bio-char by studying the impact of some functioning features, different temperatures (300, 450, and 600 ◦C) and different carbonization times (3, 4, and 5 h), on the bio-char production unit’s performance. The efficiency of the bio-char production unit was assessed in terms of the bio-char unit outputs, energy needs for the unit’s operation, and the quality of the generated bio-char. Results revealed that the innovative unit successfully produced bio-char from agricultural byproducts in an economically and environmentally friendly manner. The conditions for producing the highestquality bio-char with the best energy efficiency were: pyrolysis temperature of 600 ◦C and carbonization time of 3 h, where the bio-char yield was 37%, the energy requirements for running the unit were 0.39 KWh/kg, and the quality of the produced bio-char was 8.6, 0.42 dS/m (1:10), 32.2 m2/g, and 233% for pH, electric conductivity (Ec), surface area, and water holding capacity, orderly.
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