Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

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Material Engineering

Nalin Mora1 and Ampa Jimtaisong1,2This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

1School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, ChiangRai 57100, Thailand

2Cosmetic and Beauty Innovations for Sustainable Development (CBIS) Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, ChiangRai, 57100, Thailand

 

 

Received: February 6, 2024
Accepted: April 25, 2025
Publication Date: May 30, 2025

 Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.


Download Citation: ||https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.202602_29(2).0005  


This study aims to develop a sunscreen formulation using guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract (GLE), obtained via ethanol-water (4:1 v/v) extraction. The crude extract was greenish-brown solid with a percentage yield of 19.88 ± 0.28. The extract possessed total phenolic and flavonoid content of 2,879.86 ±2.18 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g GLE and 699.37±8.30 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g GLE, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was 348.85 ± 4.18 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g GLE. The extract absorbed UVB light with maximum wavelengths at 286 nm. Topical sunscreen product contained 6% titanium dioxide and 7%methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol was prepared as oil-in-water emulsion and it exhibited SPF of 21.73 ±1.34. Incorporating 5% GLE increased SPF from 21.73±1.34 to 34.55±3.27, reflecting a 59% enhancement. The emulsion formulated with 5% GLE alone achieved an SPF value of 2.23 ± 0.29, demonstrating a comparatively higher sun protection efficacy than existing natural UV filter extracts. The stability of sunscreen containing guava leaf extracts was studied under heating-cooling cycle and at ambient temperature (30-35◦C), and 45◦C. The product exhibited a slight darkening in color while maintaining relative stability in viscosity and pH . After four weeks of storage at ambient temperature and 45◦C, the sun protection efficacy declined from SPF 34.55 ±3.27 to 30.76 ±3.08 and 23.90±2.57, respectively, indicating a moderate reduction in efficacy under elevated temperature conditions. The findings highlight the potential of guava leaf extract as a natural ingredient that can significantly enhance the sun protection efficacy of synthetic sunscreens in cosmetic formulations.


Keywords: Guavaleaf; sunscreen emulsion; sun protection factor; stability


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